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Understanding findOne and findOneAndUpdate in Mongoose: Key Differences and Practical Usage

When working with MongoDB through Mongoose in Node.js, developers frequently encounter two essential methods: findOne and findOneAndUpdate. Both methods perform document lookups, but they serve distinct purposes and are used in different contexts. In this post, we will break down their core differences, typical use cases, and best practices to optimize your MongoDB queries. The
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Are NoSQL Databases Really Schema-less?

A Perspective from the MERN Stack When we first start learning about NoSQL databases, one of the most common things we hear is that they are “schema-less.” At first glance, this seems like a huge advantage: total flexibility, the ability to adapt quickly, and storage that isn’t bound by strict rules. But when we dive
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How Network Topology Shapes Distributed Computing and Big Data Systems

When discussing distributed systems and Big Data, people often focus on storage, processing frameworks, and scalability—but one foundational concept underlies it all: network topology. It’s the invisible architecture that dictates how data flows, how quickly systems respond, and how resilient your applications can be. Let’s explore what network topology is, how it evolved, and why
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When Should You Use Parquet and When Should You Use Iceberg?

In modern data architectures, selecting the right storage and management solution is essential for building efficient, reliable, and scalable pipelines. Two popular choices that often come up are Parquet and Apache Iceberg. While they can work together, they serve different purposes and solve different problems. This article explains what each one is, when to use
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How to Fix ‘DataFrame’ object has no attribute ‘writeTo’ When Working with Apache Iceberg in PySpark

If you’re working with Apache Iceberg in PySpark and encounter this error: You’re not alone. This is a common mistake when transitioning from the traditional DataFrame.write syntax to Iceberg’s DataFrameWriterV2 API. Let’s walk through why this happens, how to fix it quickly, and when to use each writing method. Why This Error Happens The method
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What Is Sharding and Why It Matters

As our world becomes increasingly digital, the amount of data we create every day is staggering. Think about all the emails, messages, orders, and photos uploaded every second. How do big companies manage and store so much information efficiently? One of the key techniques they use is called sharding. What Is Sharding? Sharding is a
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From Tables to Partitions: Designing NoSQL Databases with Cassandra

As data professionals transition from relational databases to NoSQL systems like Apache Cassandra, one of the most important mindset shifts is understanding that you don’t model data for storage, but for queries. This departure from the familiar world of third normal form (3NF) requires not only technical adjustments but also a new way of thinking
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Apache Cassandra vs Apache Parquet: Understanding the Differences

In modern data architectures, it’s common to encounter both Apache Cassandra and Apache Parquet, particularly when dealing with large-scale, distributed systems. Both technologies are associated with columnar data models, which often leads to confusion. However, Cassandra and Parquet serve fundamentally different purposes and operate at different layers of the data stack. This article clarifies their
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Import Live Crypto Prices into Google Sheets

Are you tired of checking crypto prices manually? Want to automate your portfolio tracking or build a custom crypto dashboard? Good news — with just a few steps, you can pull live cryptocurrency prices directly into Google Sheets. In this guide, we’ll show you three simple methods to get real-time crypto data, whether you’re a
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